A noted exception within the traditional Dutch alcoholic landscape, Advocaat, a rich and creamy liqueur made from eggs, sugar and brandy, is also native to this region. Warm days—maximum temperature above 20 °C (68 °F)—are usually found in April to October, but in some parts of the country these warm days can also occur in March, or even sometimes in November or February (usually not in De Bilt, however). [183] Netherlands subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.7 years. [231] The Dutch are estimated to have at least 18 million bicycles,[239][240] which makes more than one per capita, and twice as many as the circa 9 million motor vehicles on the road. "[164] The Netherlands has an estimated 25% of natural gas reserves in the EU. [57][58] The North Sea Germanic Ingaevones inhabited the northern part of the Low Countries. To ensure a share price chart shows an accurate reflection of the share price, the graph may be 'rebased' to take into account corporate actions that affect the price, but not the value. Netherlanders were "burned, strangled, beheaded, or buried alive" by his "Blood Council" and his Spanish soldiers. Most of these are owned by Staatsbosbeheer, the national department for forestry and nature conservation and Natuurmonumenten (literally 'Natures monuments'), a private organisation that buys, protects and manages nature reserves. [266][267] These DJs also contribute to the world's mainstream pop music, as they frequently collaborate and produce for high-profile international artists. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centred in The Hague, which is consequently dubbed 'the world's legal capital'. [288] In Dutch they are referred to as Indische Nederlanders or as Indo (short for Indo-European).[289]. [222] As Frankish settlement progressed from Flanders and Brabant, the area quickly became Old Low Franconian (or Old Dutch). It comprises eight grades, the first of which is facultative. The Holy Roman Empire (the successor state of East Francia and then Lotharingia) ruled much of the Low Countries in the 10th and 11th century but was not able to maintain political unity. Trains are frequent, with two trains per hour on lesser lines,[k] two to four trains per hour on average, and up to eight trains an hour on the busiest lines. "[255] A well known more serious source on Dutch etiquette is "Dealing with the Dutch" by Jacob Vossestein: "Dutch egalitarianism is the idea that people are equal, especially from a moral point of view, and accordingly, causes the somewhat ambiguous stance the Dutch have towards hierarchy and status. The Cod faction consisted of the more progressive cities, while the Hook faction consisted of the conservative noblemen. Only 11 stations are served less than twice an hour during weekdays. Rebasing smooths out the chart to provide a view of the share price performance unaffected by the technical changes caused by corporate actions. [25] Most of the areas below sea level, known as polders, are the result of land reclamation that began in the 14th century. [286] One of the great masterpieces of Dutch literature is the book "Max Havelaar", written by Multatuli in 1860. Being referenced by a member of the first echelon is mandatory for access to the second and third echelon. The Dutch part of the Wadden Sea in the north, with its tidal flats and wetlands, is rich in biological diversity, and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Nature Site in 2009. Towns grew around monasteries and castles, and a mercantile middle class began to develop in these urban areas, especially in Flanders and later also Brabant. The south-western part of the Netherlands is to this day a river delta of these three rivers, the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta. Yiddish and the Romani language were recognised in 1996 as non-territorial languages. [92] Slaves in Suriname would be fully free only in 1873, since the law stipulated that there was to be a mandatory 10-year transition.[93]. Actual euro coins and banknotes followed on 1 January 2002. Various kinds of Kruidkoek (such as Groninger koek), Fryske dúmkes and spekdikken (small savoury pancakes cooked in a waffle iron) are considered typical. However, in 843, it was divided into three parts—East, Middle, and West Francia. In the south of the Netherlands there are some festivals that rarely or never occur in the rest of the Netherlands. The Netherlands allowed women's suffrage in 1919, before becoming the world's first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001. A dedicated Bronbeek Museum, a former home for retired KNIL soldiers, exists in Arnhem to this day. Additionally, until the 19th-century peat was mined, dried, and used for fuel, further exacerbating the problem. Papiamento has a formal status in the special municipality of Bonaire. Roman forces pacified the region, but did not expel the Franks, who continued to be feared at least until the time of Julian the Apostate (358) when Salian Franks were allowed to settle as foederati in Texandria. Engl. [249] Boats are used for passenger travel as well, such as the Watertaxies in Rotterdam. Coordinates: 52°19′N 5°33′E / 52.317°N 5.550°E / 52.317; 5.550, This article is about the constituent country. Originally, the country's cuisine was shaped by the practices of fishing and farming, including the cultivation of the soil for growing crops and raising domesticated animals. [101] The 1960s and 1970s were a time of great social and cultural change, such as rapid de-pillarisation characterised by the decay of the old divisions along political and religious lines. [28] In 2019 agricultural exports were worth €94.5 billion. In 2017, The Economist ranked the Netherlands as the 11th most democratic country in the world. However, their expansion into India was halted, after their defeat in the Battle of Colachel by the Kingdom of Travancore, during the Travancore-Dutch War. By law, the King has the right to be periodically briefed and consulted on government affairs. Rijsttafel, a colonial culinary concept, and dishes such as Nasi goreng and satay are very popular in the country. For the sovereign state, see, Country in Western Europe and partly in the Caribbean, Location of the European part of the Netherlands (dark green), The Low Countries in the late 14th century, Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1962), Note: Even though the European Netherlands are located within the, Celts, Germanic tribes and Romans (800 BC–410 AD), Burgundian, Habsburg and Spanish Habsburg Netherlands (1384–1581), Batavian Republic and Kingdom (1795–1890), Largest municipalities in the Netherlands. [60] Caesar describes two main Celtic tribes living in what is now the southern Netherlands: the Menapii and the Eburones. The islands of the Caribbean Netherlands enjoy a tropical climate with warm weather all year round. ", "Nederland heeft grootste binnenvaartvloot van Europa", "What is the oldest airline in the world? Growth slowed considerably from 2001 to 2005 with the global economic slowdown, but accelerated to 4.1% in the third quarter of 2007. To blood, to the flesh, to fire, to sack!)[77]. Since suffrage became universal in 1917, the Dutch political system has been dominated by three families of political parties: the strongest of which were the Christian Democrats, currently represented by the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA); second were the Social Democrats, represented by the Labour Party (PvdA); and third were the Liberals, of which the right-wing People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is the main representative. The Low Countries today is a designation that includes the countries of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, although in most Romance languages, the term "Low Countries" is used as the name for the Netherlands specifically. [107] The St. Elizabeth flood of 1421 and the mismanagement in its aftermath destroyed a newly reclaimed polder, replacing it with the 72 km2 (28 sq mi) Biesbosch tidal floodplains in the south-centre. [167], The Netherlands is faced with future challenges as the energy supply is forecasted to fall short of the demand by the year 2025 in the gas sector. The Groningen gas field, one of the largest natural-gas fields in the world, is situated near Slochteren. Much of Descartes' major work was done in the Netherlands, where he studied at Leiden University — as did geologist James Hutton, British Prime Minister John Stuart, U.S. President John Quincy Adams, Physics Nobel Prize laureate Hendrik Lorentz and Enrico Fermi. [264], The government is investing billions of euros in energy efficiency, sustainable energy and CO2 reduction. The circuit was purpose-built for the Dutch TT in 1954, with previous events having been held on public roads. [51] At the end of the Ice Age, the nomadic late Upper Paleolithic Hamburg culture (c. 13.000–10.000 BC) hunted reindeer in the area, using spears, but the later Ahrensburg culture (c. 11.200–9500 BC) used bow and arrow. The first author to describe the coast of Holland and Flanders was the Greek geographer Pytheas, who noted in c. 325 BC that in these regions, "more people died in the struggle against water than in the struggle against men. The Caribbean Netherlands has a total area of 328 km2 (127 sq mi)[102] It lies between latitudes 50° and 54° N, and longitudes 3° and 8° E. The Netherlands is geographically very low relative to sea level and is considered a flat country, with about 26% of its area[25] and 21% of its population[103] located below sea level, and only about 50% of its land exceeding one metre above sea level. Amsterdam grew and in the 15th century became the primary trading port in Europe for grain from the Baltic region. Also, metal bands like Hail of Bullets, God Dethroned, Izegrim, Asphyx, Textures, Present Danger, Heidevolk and Slechtvalk are popular guests at the biggest metal festivals in Europe. [124] In 1871, the last old original natural woods were cut down, and most woods today are planted monocultures of trees like Scots pine and trees that are not native to the Netherlands. Almost the entire west Netherlands is composed of the Rhine-Meuse river estuary, but human intervention greatly modified the natural processes at work. [184] Some 150,000 to 200,000 people living in the Netherlands are expatriates, mostly concentrated in and around Amsterdam and The Hague, now constituting almost 10% of the population of these cities.[185][186]. [53] Between 4800 and 4500 BC, the Swifterbant people started to copy from the neighbouring Linear Pottery culture the practise of animal husbandry, and between 4300 and 4000 BC the practice of agriculture. Zorgverzekeringswet (ZVW), often called "basic insurance", covers common medical care. Up from 31% vs. 19% naming the bike their main mode of transport for daily activities in 2011. Ice days—maximum temperature below 0 °C (32 °F)—usually occur from December until February, with the occasional rare ice day prior to or after that period. The rollout will be undertaken by Switzerland-based power and automation company ABB and Dutch startup Fastned, and will aim to provide at least one station within a 50-kilometre radius (30 miles) from every home in the Netherlands. [58] A widening cultural divide grew with the Franks remaining in their original homeland in the north (i.e. These insurance companies are obliged to provide a package with a defined set of insured treatments. The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe and the largest port in the world outside East-Asia, with the rivers Meuse and Rhine providing excellent access to the hinterland upstream reaching to Basel, Switzerland, and into Germany and France. Although in the Netherlands as a whole Christianity has become a minority, the Netherlands contains a Bible Belt from Zeeland to the northern parts of the province Overijssel, in which Protestant (particularly Reformed) beliefs remain strong, and even has majorities in municipal councils. Apart from Dutch, English is an official language in the special municipalities of. A sangre, a carne, a fuego, a sacco!" Money is secondary." Opposing them, the northern half of the Seventeen Provinces forged the Union of Utrecht (also of 1579) in which they committed to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. In the case of the Low Countries / Netherlands the geographical location of the lower region has been more or less downstream and near the sea. However, the Scottish Greens, who have promised to support a referendum, picked up eight seats, meaning overall there will be a comfortable pro-independence majority in the Scottish assembly. Afterward, they established ports in Dutch occupied Malabar, leading to Dutch settlements and trading posts in India. In English, the Netherlands is also called Holland or (part of) the Low Countries, whereas the term "Dutch" is used as the demonym and adjectival form.
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