Tips for Laminate Flooring. Ground level slab floors are uncommon in northern latitudes where freezing provides significant structural problems, except in heated interior spaces such as basements or for outdoor unheated structures such as a gazebo or shed where unitary temperatures are not creating pockets of troublesome meltwaters. c) RCC floors Bench Steps formed in a quarry by removal of stone. I am insulating floor joists which are over an exposed space (post and pad construction, with no crawl space or basement beneath. Participate in the Sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit. "Floor covering" is the aptest description, since everything below—the substrate—can be considered the "real floor," in terms of structure and permanence. A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Wood clad (hardwood) and tile covered finished floors generally will require a stiffer higher quality subfloor, especially for the later class. The averaged coefficient of friction (COF) gain per tread groove depth increase in millimeter under these two surface conditions ranged from 0.018 to 0.108, depending on the tread groove width, floor, and contaminant. Read More on Exposed Aggregate Finish: Exposed Concrete Floor and Finishes, Its Construction and Applications. Since the wall base and flooring interact forming a joint, such later added semi-custom floors will generally not be hardwood for that joint construction would be in the wrong order unless the wall base trim was also delayed pending the choosing. There are also floors that are made of glass, PVC, and mosaic, among others. Floors, Walls, and Other Interior Surfaces . View Answer, 9. Reliable, science-backed floor slip resistance testing can help floor owners and designers determine if their floor is too slippery, or allow them to choose an appropriate flooring for the intended purpose before installation. View Answer, 11. A term describing the intersection of two surfaces meeting at an angle other MIXED MEDIA - A wood floor that is predominantly of wood but incorporates other materials such as slate, stone, ceramic, marble, metal and painted finishes (faux).. MOISTURE CONTENT - The amount of moisture in wood expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven dry wood.. National Oak Flooring Manufacturers Association hardwood flooring is manufactured at 6% to … Efflorescence is normally worn off or washed away on unsealed concrete surfaces. b) RCC Wood floors, particularly older ones, will tend to 'squeak' in certain places. This is not to say that exterior decorative concrete is immune from efflorescence issues, but problems with interior floors pose a greater challenge and are the focus of this discussion. Above the targeted bottom height (coplanar with the compacted sand and gravel topping) a separate grid of rebar or welded wire mesh is usually added to reinforce the concrete, and will be tied to the under slab "girder" rebar at intervals. Floors typically consist of a subfloor for support and a floor covering used to give a good walking surface… d) In situ A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Registry Operators of Communication to the number 20714 on 01/31/2011 d) Hollow block c) Jack arch Also, a long seat of cubic stone. Flooring is the general term for a permanent or temporary covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. The two layers in high quality construction will both be thick .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) sheets (as will the third when present), but the two layers may achieve a combined thickness of only half-that in cheaper construction – 1⁄2 in (12.7 mm) panel overlaid by 1⁄4 in (6.4 mm) plywood subflooring. It is then refined with each cut in order to achieve a specified level of appearance. Like a floor on joists not on concrete, a second sheeting underlayment layer is added with staggered joints to disperse forces that would open a joint under the stress of live loads like a person walking. These pads are typically used for the maintenance and/or … Combination Storm and Insect Screen Two glass storm panels and a half insect screen enclosed in a frame that is installed on the exterior of a double-hung or gliding window. Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Fall Protection Systems Final Rule Frequently Asked Questions. A. exposed at the surface of the sea floor. c) Lapped A ground-level floor can be an earthen floor made of soil, or be solid ground floors made of concrete slab. d) Jack arch Swirl finish is one of the most exceptional types of concrete finish that is generated by smearing the concrete surface in a … Prev Article Next Article. c) Single timber floor The under slab cast girders are used especially if it the slab be used structurally, i.e., to support part of the building. The concrete densifier/hardener penetrates into the concrete and creates a chemical reaction to help harden and dust-proof the surface… However, as with any type of floor you must apply a sacrificial coating in order to preserve and protect the marble chips, as well as provide an anti-slip surface. Homexyou and the associated logo are trademarks registered in the name of MADEX Editore srl - VAT 06813071211 Joined the REA 841143/NA 26/01/11. Thus denudation is an overall lowering of land surface. a) Jack arch floors View Answer, 5. can be $2.00 to $5.00 for the materials and between $2.50 and $4.50 per sq.ft. Wood flooring is available in a wide range of prices, depending upon the type of wood. Blind Nail. View Answer, 7. Exposed aggregate concrete is a form of decorative concrete achieved by removing the top layer of cement paste and revealing the underlying aggregate. The decorative aggregate now becomes a very durable, skid-resistant surface that is great for sidewalks, driveways, pooldecks, and patios. It indicates the lower surface of bricks or stones in each course. The exposed term surfaces of floors are termed as the ____________ Conductive Floors These types of floors are found in health care and hospital units such as … [citation needed] Heavy floors, such as those made of stone, require more closely spaced joists. that part of the sea bottom which is sometimes exposed to the atmosphere is termed … We’ll floor you with your flooring guide. Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Efflorescence is the white powdery substance on the surfaces of unsealed concrete and the white blush seen with sealed floors. Capital fully paid 15.77 k. Publisher writing to R.O.C. b) On site Pipes for plumbing, sewerage, underfloor heating, and other utilities may be laid directly in slab floors, typically via cellular floor raceways. The uppermost layer of concrete, or surface mortar, can be removed in a number of ways, each with subtly different results. To practice all areas of Construction and Building Materials, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Every floor surface has a degree of traction or slip resistance. Hard surface materials in today’s commercial market are dominated by luxury vinyl tile and plank, ceramic, and wood, but the list of available options also includes marble, granite, polished concrete, rubber, various wood materials, and terrazzo. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Construction and Building Materials. 6. The term Denudation is used for the total action of all processes by which the exposed rocks of the continents are worn away and the resulting sediments are transported to suitable areas for deposition. As floors must meet many needs, some essential to safety, floors are built to strict building codes in some regions. c) Flooring Header: It is a full brick or stone which is laid with its length perpendicular to the face of the … a) Double flagstones floors The exogenous processes tend to remove all the unevenness on the surface of the earth. Calcimine Paint. In ______________ floors, the hollow blocks of clay or concrete are used to reduce the total weight of the floor. Swirl Finish. mohd khalid hasan mohd waqar (12arb558) mohd zeeshan (12arb571) 2. introduction the purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface capable of supporting the occupants of a building, furniture, equipment and sometimes internal partitions. With the development of _______________ construction technique, it is possible to prepare the precast unit for the floor. The subfloor may also provide underfloor heating and if floor radiant heating is not used, will certainly suffer puncture openings to be put through for forced air ducts for both heating and air conditioning, or pipe holes for forced hot water or steam heating transport piping conveying the heat from furnace to the local room's heat exchangers (radiators). b) Jack arch floors This process also includes the use of a penetrant chemical known as a hardener. To avoid epoxy mistakes that cause peeling, professionals take great care before and during application. Make sure that you use minimal amounts of liquid when cleaning your flooring, and never mop hardwood or laminate floors with water. The intent of OSHA’s Walking-Working Surfaces standard, 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart D & I, is to increase the protection of general industry employees and employers from hazards associated with walking-working surfaces. 3-inches wide) tongue-and-groove boards that are end-matched. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load. Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes: Floor covering is a term to generically describe any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. B. covered by sand and gravel introduced by rivers at deltas. Monitor the amount of humidity in your home. sub-littoral. This set of Construction and Building Materials Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Floors and its Types”. Floors are extremely important to archaeologists for context: they are not just fun to find, but also provide important architectural information, and often have interesting … In _________________ floors, the flag stones are used in the two layers. This type of raft may be used under small buildings such as bungalows and two storey houses where the comparatively small loads on foundations can be spread safely and economically under the rafts. View Answer. Versatility and simplicity are two of the main reasons why homeowners opt for tiled floors. Exposed Aggregate Concrete. In ___________________ floors, the intermediate supports, known as the binders, provided for the bridging joists. Floors in wood-frame homes are usually constructed with joists centered no more than 16 inches (41 centimeters) apart, according to most building codes. Bed It is the surface of stone perpendicular to the line of pressure. Potential slip and fall hazards exist due to the different flooring. This set of Construction and Building Materials Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “ The reason is that the aggregate is revealed or ‘exposed’ through a multi step process that removes the cement or ‘paste’ from the exposed surface area. If the span between load-bearing walls is too long for joists to safely support, then a heavy crossbeam (thick or laminated wood, or a metal I-beam or H-beam) may be used. In auditoriums, to carry out dances or Dramas, the ____________ are constructed on the ground floor. a) Hollow block Deep Excavations, Pile Foundations & Caisson, Air Conditioning, Stones & Ferrous Metals, Steel, Plastics, Non-Ferrous Metals & Alloys, Miscellaneous Materials & Cement Concrete, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Prev - Building Construction Questions and Answers – Tools Used in Carpentry Work, Next - Building Construction Questions and Answers – Types of Ground Floors – 1, C Programming Examples on Bitwise Operations, Concrete Technology Questions and Answers, Structural Analysis Questions and Answers, Strength of Materials Questions and Answers, Mechanical Behaviour & Testing of Materials Questions and Answers, Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Questions and Answers, Prestressed Concrete Structures Questions and Answers, Aerospace Materials and Processes Questions and Answers, Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers, Civil Engineering Drawing and Estimates Questions and Answers, Construction & Building Materials Questions and Answers, Building Construction Questions and Answers – Types of Stairs, Construction & Building Materials Questions and Answers – Foundations – Types of Footing, Construction & Building Materials Questions and Answers – Types of Foundation, Building Construction Questions and Answers – Acoustics – Sound Insulation, Construction & Building Materials Questions and Answers – Components of Formwork, Construction and Building Materials Tests. a) Single joint timber floor The coat formed on the rough surface is called plaster when applied inside of the building and it’s called as rendering when applied outside of the building i.e. In ______________ floors, intermediate supports, known as the girders, provided for the binders. A gym floor cover can be used to reduce the need to satisfy incompatible requirements. Nowadays, subfloors are generally made from at least two layers of moisture resistant ("AC" grade, one side finished and sanded flat) plywood or composite sheeting, jointly also termed Underlayments on floor joists of 2x8, 2x10, or 2x12's (dimensional lumber) spaced generally on 16-inch (40.6 cm) centers, in the United States and Canada. Home » About the House » Floors, Walls, and Other Interior Surfaces. We set out every type but it doesn’t end there. Preliminary Estimate. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load. d) Joist Floor Each new floor surface allows us to understand the people living within these rooms. For other uses, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floor&oldid=1018721386, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 April 2021, at 14:26. 2 Plastering is a process of obtaining smooth surface on the rough surfaces of walls, roofs, columns and ceilings etc. View Answer, 10. DEFINITIONS (Technical meaning of terms used in the text) 1. All these steps will reduce the amount of humidity that your floors are exposed to. Materials commonly called flooring include wood flooring, laminated wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical floor coatings. Burl. When it comes to juxtaposing the myriad of materials and making the most of what’s available in the market, the possibilities are endless. Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many-layered surfaces made with modern technology. c) RCC a) Filler Joist a) Hollow block WALKING SURFACE. Strip flooring wider than 2 1/4 inches is called plank flooring. Cleaning is essential to prevent injuries due to slips and to remove dirt. d) Basement timber floors A "subfloor" of plywood or waferboard is then laid over the joists. Some flooring components used solely on concrete slabs consist of a dimpled rubberized or plastic layer much like bubble wrap that provide little tiny pillars for the one-half-inch (12.7 mm) sheet material above. b) Single flagstones floors Wood floors tend to pass sound, particularly heavy footsteps and low bass frequencies. Concrete floors are usually so massive they do not have this problem, but they are also much more expensive to construct and must meet more stringent building requirements due to their weight. Caulk ft. Natural stone is a popular flooring option in modern Indian homes. a) Roofs The flat slab raft is of uniform thickness under the whole of the building and reinforced to spread the loads from the walls uniformly over the under surface to the ground. VCT is mostly a limestone, clay, and talc mixture (up to 80% of the product) mixed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins, plasticizers, stabilizers, and pigment that is then cut into tiles. Higher friction values were recorded for footwear pads with deeper tread grooves on wet and water-detergent-contaminated floors. damaging the concrete surface (ACI 308 1997). a) Roofing Ponding and Immersion On flat surfaces, such as pavements and floors, concrete can be cured by ponding. The floor of one level typically also holds the ceiling of the level below (if any). c) Factory made Some prefer eco-friendly bamboo floors, while others pick pebble-stone floors that are outlandishly creative. b) Single joist timber floor Strip Flooring Strip flooring is made of narrow (typically2 1/4. At the highest end, or in select rooms of the building there might well be three sheeting layers, and such stiff subflooring is necessary to prevent the cracking of large floor tiles of 9–10 inches (22.9–25.4 cm) or more on a side, and the structure under such a floor will frequently also have extra "bracing" and "blocking" joist-to-joist intended to spread the weight to have as little sagging on any joist as possible when there is a live load on the floor above. The subfloor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work, see: There are a number of special features that may be used to ornament a floor or perform a useful service. If you suspect that the peeling problem on your ceiling is caused by an underlying coat of calcimine paint the best bet is to take it all off. d) Roof I have plywood on the underside of the joists to retard the movement of cold outdoor air into my building, through the floor. Cleans surfaces: While you can sweep and wash flooring before the installer arrives, an expert should clean the floor or make sure it’s … A walking surface is the area most commonly used for walking and common travel. Floors typically consist of a subfloor for support and a floor covering used to give a good walking surface. As the trend to have exposed concrete floors grows, the industry is struggling with the problem of unsightly efflorescence, especially when it is trapped under a film forming sealer. c) Lower floor The flooring may need protection sometimes. Apart from giving a good finished surface, these floors should have good damp resistance. ground floor 1. building construction submitted to:- submitted by:- ar. d) Triple Joist timber floor ______________ floors consists of single joist which are placed below the floor boards. Also, the reflective property makes the floor look magnificent. a) Single joists timber floor d) Jack arch Flooring can enhance the appearance of any space to a great degree, making it more vibrant. The most common flooring materials used in office buildings, besides carpet tile and carpet, are the hard surface materials. Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring. In modern buildings, there are numerous services provided via ducts or wires underneath the floor or above the ceiling. Once the site has reached a suitable firm inorganic base material that is graded further so that it is flat and level, and then topped by spreading a layer-cake of force dispersing sand and gravel. This is caused by the wood rubbing against other wood, usually at a joint of the subfloor. Ideally, the surfaces should be consistent. Some types of flooring must not be installed below grade (lower than ground level), and laminate or hardwood should be avoided where there may be moisture or condensation. Where a special floor structure like a floating floor is laid upon another floor then both may be referred to as subfloors. b) Precast concrete General term referring to the rock un-derlying other unconsolidated material, such as soil. Efflorescence is caused by vapor migrating through the slab bringing soluble salts to the surface of the concrete. The costs can vary between INR 250 to INR 500 per square foot. Floor vibration is a problem with floors. Deeper channels may be dug, especially the slab ends and across the slab width at regular intervals in which a continuous run of rebar is bent and wired to sit at two heights within forming a sub-slab "concrete girder". c) Rib floor for warrantied installation. How can calcimine paint be removed from a ceiling? Installation term referring to wood nailing techniques that insert nails at a 45-degree angle. bevel. The floors directly resting on the ground are known as ground floors while the floors of every storey are called upper floors. Exposed Aggregate Concrete is the first finished concrete product on the list that uses a different aggregate than that of Slick Troweled or Broom Finished. The other floors of each storey about the ground level are known as the ___________ at outer wall … c) Triple Joist timber floor for long lasting purposes and to meet its estimated design life period. Available in different sizes, textures, patterns, and materials, tiles are easy to fix. Polished concrete is a multi-step process where a concrete floor is mechanically ground, honed and polished with bonded abrasives in order to cut a concrete floor's surface. Directly above earth.) The correct method to clean one type of floor can often damage another, so it is important to use the correct treatment. For the more popular types of floors, we have additional articles that shed even more light on your options. View Answer, 8. Floors with a chemical sealer, like stained concrete or epoxy finishes, usually have a slick finish presenting a potential slip and fall hazard, however there are anti skid additives and coatings which can help mitigate this and provide increased traction. the ______ zone of the benthic province encompasses the floor of the continental shelf from the beach to the shelf break. Floating floors can reduce this problem. Some sub-floors are inset below the top surface level of surrounding flooring's joists and such subfloors and a normal height joist are joined to make a plywood box both molding and containing at least two inches (5 cm) of concrete (A mud floor" in builders' parlance). Floors may be built on beams or joists[1] or use structures like prefabricated hollow core slabs. Abrasion resistance: Ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction.. Abrasive pad: A circular pad, resembling a typical floor maintenance burnishing pad that has the capability of refining the concrete surface on a microscopic level that may or may not contain industrial grade diamonds. Earth or sand dikes around the perimeter of the concrete surface can retain a pond of water. Cork is the most expensive among flooring types, ranging from INR 300 to INR 750 per sq. Below are some of the common flooring types used in residential projects. Most “dye-fast” carpet fabrics can withstand exposure up … A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. d) Tetra Joist timber floor d) Filler joists timber floors Electrically heated floors are available, and both kinds of systems can also be used in wood floors as well. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein. In ________________ floors, the Steel bars and concrete are used to form of floor. A lot of variety exists in flooring and there are different types of floors due to the fact that it is the first thing that catches your eye when you walk into a house, as it spans across the length and Superficial floor area method estimating preliminary estimate preliminary estimate cost planning and estimation ppt. Tiled floors are easy to maintain, and are scratch and heat-resistant. These are manufactured in 2 ft × 2 ft (61 cm × 61 cm) squares and the edges fit together like a mortise and tenon joint. In floors supported by joists, utilities are run through the floor by drilling small holes through the joists to serve as conduits. In ________________ floors, the small sections of rolled Steel joists are placed in concrete. View Answer, 3. The finished, exposed board installed around a floor or on a wall. Alternatively, only a slightly inset floor topped by a fibrous mesh and concrete building composite floor cladding is used for smaller high quality tile floors – these "concrete" subfloors have a good thermal match with ceramic tiles and so are popular with builders constructing kitchen, laundry and especially both common and high end bathrooms and any other room where large expanses of well supported ceramic tile will be used as a finished floor. Laminate flooring is an excellent choice for rentals because replacing damaged areas is not expensive. Also, don’t clean your floors with water-based products on a daily basis. Floor cleaning is a major occupation throughout the world and has been since ancient times. Flooring located partially or completely below ground level. b) Upper floor Brick Masonry Terms and Definitions Course A course is a horizontal layer of bricks or stones. Exposing the aggregate in concrete can also create grain, texture and pattern in floor surfaces, which is particularly useful for areas requiring greater slip resistance, especially when wet. Industry terms are half round window or round-top window. Each and every type of material has its own characteristics. The two most common types of vinyl flooring are vinyl composite tile (VCT) and vinyl sheet flooring. b) Pre cast Concrete © 2011-2021 Sanfoundry. Examples include Floor medallions which provide a decorative centerpiece of a floor design, or Gratings used to drain water or to rub dirt off shoes. 1. d) Filler joists Tiles. D. covered by limestones made up of the fragments of large invertebrate shells.
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